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Until now five muscarinic receptor M genes have
2023-03-22
Until now, five muscarinic receptor (M1-5) genes have been cloned, but, M1-3 receptors are functionally recognized in the lungs. Smooth muscle contraction is mainly mediated by M3. M2 may also participate in the contraction via Gi protein which leads to a decrease in cAMP. On the other hand, M2 is l
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Despite the growing knowledge surrounding the link
2023-03-22
Despite the growing knowledge surrounding the link between ATX and cholestatic pruritus in PBC, it remains unclear if the role of the ATX-LPA signaling axis includes lymphocytes homing in the liver of PBC, and if the resulting inflammation is associated with PBC pruritus (Fig. 3). PBC is characteri
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br Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often seen as
2023-03-22
Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often seen as a cellular process capable of increasing the fitness of eht library and overcome resistance to several forms of stress [9], [10]. As discussed above, it has been proposed by several authors that an effective strategy for enhancing sensitivity of
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Through activation of the CD GOPC
2023-03-22
Through activation of the CD46–GOPC pathway, attenuated/vaccinal MeVs rapidly induce a transient phase of autophagy which then diminishes with no signs of negative regulation and precedes a second autophagy phase related to viral protein synthesis [115]. In sharp contrast, virulent MeVs do not inter
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While high fat diet models of insulin resistance
2023-03-22
While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no
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On the other hand there were only a
2023-03-22
On the other hand, there were only a few cases that expressed DA2R in our study. Additionally, in the cases whose ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas expressed DA2R, the ratio of positive staining ANA 12 was very low. This suggests that dopamine agonists may be less effective in canine Cushing's disea
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Infections inflammation and corneal transplant can all
2023-03-20
Infections, inflammation, and corneal transplant can all cause corneal neovascularization via upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, which attract myeloid PFI-2 into the cornea. These myeloid cells establish a cycle of cytokine secretion and further myeloid cell recruitment in the cornea. There ar
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The current guidelines are designed to optimize the
2023-03-20
The current guidelines are designed to optimize the detection of IHC+FISH+ cases, most of which (but not all encountered in our study) being classically good responders to crizotinib therapy (resistance mechanisms to crizotinib therapy were not investigated in our study). In addition to the current
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The aldehyde reductase AKR A and aldose reductase AKR
2023-03-20
The aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) belong to aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) superfamily catalyzing the reduction of corresponding aldehydes and ketones involved. Both the closely related enzymes AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 have 65% structural similarity and differ only at the active site.
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br Experimental procedure br Funding The present study
2023-03-20
Experimental procedure Funding The present study was supported by the Grant Russian Foundation for basic research (project no. 16-04-01517). Introduction 5-HT, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, is synthesised from l-tryptophan catalysed by the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and aroma
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Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception by othe
2023-03-20
(8) Does dietary caffeine interfere with antinociception by other modalities that alter pain (TENS, exercise, joint mobilization, water immersion therapy)? Caffeine and/or A1R antagonists inhibit antinociception by each of these modalities in preclinical studies, such that there is potential for int
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Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that anti
2023-03-17
Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that antioxidant and free radical scavenging agents have protective effects against brain damage, the results of preclinical trials are not as encouraging. Edaravone is a type of free radical scavenging drug that was first used as a neuroprotective
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br Results and discussion br Conclusion In summary a
2023-03-17
Results and discussion Conclusion In summary, a series of indazole-based derivatives were synthesized and SAR studies conducted, with view to the development of a novel Aurora kinases inhibitor. The carboxylic Peptone receptor group extending from the C-3 position of the aniline and substitute
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Human innate
2023-03-17
Acknowledgments Introduction Human innate immune system provides first line of defense against multiple viral or bacterial attacks, and provides critical surveillance against oncogenic development. Evidences show that individuals with primary immunodeficiency or induced immunosuppression durin
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br Material and methods br Results br
2023-03-17
Material and methods Results Discussion This study explores the hypothesis that ASK1, via transcriptional upregulation by E2F1, molecularly defines AT that supports a dys-metabolic obese phenotype in humans. We demonstrate associations between increased visceral-AT ASK1 expression and multi
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